Celtic Ogham Script

Ogham script is an early form of Old Irish and the first known Irish writing.  The characters comprise a series of lines and notches that are scored across a long stem-line often on standing stones or wood.  In the majority of cases the inscription is ready from the bottom up and usually names the person being commemorated along with their ancestors and the carver of the inscription.

Over 350 Ogham stones are known with the majority found in southern Ireland from kerry to Waterford and in South Leinster.  They also occur in small number sin western Scotland, the Isle of Man and in Cornwall at Lewannick where Irish settlers from Munster landed and founded communities.  While the Ogham inscription repeated in Latin carved in Roman characters on the same stone.


In legend Ogham was said to have been created by Ogma, the son of An Dagda.  Ogma was both a warrior and the gold of eloquence and literature and fought the second battles of Magh Tuireadh where he slew the Formi, Indech, son of the goddess Domnu.

. Evidence exists however, to support its use by Druids for recording tales, histories, poetry, genealogies, and the like. In addition, each letter was named for a particular tree, and a vast lore of religious and mythological knowledge could be encoded in cryptic verse. The names of the main twenty letters are the names of 20 trees sacred to the druids.

It has twenty letters, grouped into four 'aicme' of five letters each. A fifth Aicme (consisting of another five letters) was invented later to account for sounds in Latin that do not occur in Gaelic.

 

OGHAM LETTERS

TREES

 
Letter Standard Name Pronounced English Name Scientific Name
Beth   B Beth (BETH) Birch Betula pendula
Luis   L Luis (LWEESH) Rowan Sorbus aucuparia
Fearn   F Fearn (FAIR-n) Alder Alnus glutinosa
Saille   S Saille (SHAL-yuh) Willow Salix alba
Nion   N Nion (NEE-uhn) Ash Fraxinus excelsior
Huath   H Huath (HOO-ah) Hawthorn Crataegus spp.
Duir   D Duir (DOO-r) Oak Quercus robur
Tinne   T Tinne (CHIN-yuh) Holly Ilex aquifolium
Coll   C Coll (CULL) Hazel Corylus avellana
Quert   Q Quert (KWAIRT) Apple Malus sylvestris
Muin   M Muin (MUHN) Vine Vitis vinifera
Gort   G Gort (GORT) Ivy Hedera helix
Ngetal   Ng Ngetal (NYEH-tl) Reed Phragmites australis
Straif   Ss Straif (STRAHF) Blackthorn Prunus spinosa
Ruis   R Ruis (RWEESH) Elder Sambucus nigra
Ailm   A Ailm (AHL-m) White Fir Abies alba
Onn   O Onn (UHN) Gorse Ulex europaeus
Ura   U Ura (OO-rah) Heather Calluna vulgaris
Eadha   E Eadha (EH-yuh) Aspen Populus tremula
Idho   I Idho (EE-yoh) Yew Taxus baccata

 

 

 
       
       

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